#  Europe 

 



"The Dollar versus the Euro as International Reserve Currencies," with Menzie Chinn & Hiro Ito, [Slides](/file_url/1388), [Conference on the Euro at 25](https://econbrowser.com/archives/2024/01/erasmus-university-the-25th-anniversary-ecb-symposium), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands, January 16, 2024.

[Discussant's comments](/file_url/1104) on "Exploring European Regional Trade," by Santamaría, Ventura & Yeşilbayraktar," NBER ISoM, Bank of Greece, Athens, May 21, 2022.

“The Russia-Ukraine War,” [panel video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=PRPW7gtLugQ), *HKS Alumni Reunion*, May 21, 2022.

"[The West Can Cut Its Energy Dependency on Russia and Be Greener](https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/may/02/west-energy-depencency-russia-green-ukraine-war)," *The Guardian*, May 2,.

["These Russia Sanctons Are Different](http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220320000233)," *Korea Herald*, March 22, 2022.  
  
Panel on Fiscal Policy in the US & Europe: On Different Wavelengths, [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoxG7KYHX7U). SAFE Policy Center, Leibniz Institute, Frankfurt, April 22, 2021.

["It's Finally Time for German Fiscal Expansion](https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/germany-austerity-time-for-fiscal-expansion-by-jeffrey-frankel-2019-09)," at [*The Guardian*](https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/oct/01/germany-us-donald-trump-fiscal-mistakes-tax-cuts), Oct.1, or [Belfer site](https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/it-time-german-fiscal-expansion). "[It's Finally Time for German Fiscal Stimulus](https://seekingalpha.com/article/4294345-finally-time-german-fiscal-stimulus?isDirectRoadblock=false)," S*eeking Alpha*, Oct.1,2019.

"[The Euro's first 20 years](https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/eurozone-20-year-anniversary-failures-successes-by-jeffrey-frankel-2019-01)," [*Project Syndicate*](https://www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/jeffrey-frankel)*, J*an.25, 2019; [*Korea Herald*](http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190128000229), Jan. 28, 2019.  
"Successes and failures of the euro: The first 20 years” [powerpoint](/file_url/688), *Panel on the 20th anniversary of the euro*, MIT, January 17, 2019.  
  
“[The State of the Euro](/file_url/245),” [panel, Dec. 6, 2016, ](https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/events/2016/12/the-state-of-the-euro)Center for European Studies, Harvard University.

["Brexit" panel video](http://www.nber.org/themes/brexit/brexitsummary.shtml)*,* *NBER Summer Institute,* July 12, 2016.      
  
[German-American Conference at Harvard 2015](http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/__events/GKs/BOST/2015/10/30__Conference__vs.html), Oct. 30. Euro panel.   
   
 "[The Greek/euro crisis: 8 Mistakes](https://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/GreekEuroCrisis%20CES2015Sept.docx)," [State of the euro panel,](https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/events/2015/09/003279-the-state-of-the-euro) Center for European Studies, Sept. 22, 2015. [Powerpoint](https://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/Eurocrisis2015CES8mistakes.pptx).  
  
"[Only Tsipras Can "'Go to China](http://www.jeffrey-frankel.com/2015/07/20/only-tsipras-can-go-to-china/)'" blog, July 20. Condensed as "[Is Tsipras the New Kim Dae-Jung?,](http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150720001206)" *Korea Herald*, July 20, 2015  
  
 “Desirability of currency internationalisation,” [slides,](https://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/EuroIntrnztn-ECB2015Jun24.pptx) 7th Policy Roundtable of the European Central Bank, *The international role of the euro: past, present and prospects*, European Central Bank, 24 June 2015, Frankfurt**.**  
  
["Currency Politics, European Style," Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEB_jHSIrMY), Center for European Studies, Harvard, April 7, 2015.

"[Italian Growth: New Recession of 6-Year Decline?](http://www.voxeu.org/article/italian-growth-new-recession-or-six-year-decline)" [*VoxEU*](http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/102), Aug.11, 2014.  
  
"[The ECB Should do QE via FX](http://www.voxeu.org/article/ecb-should-do-qe-forex-intervention)," [*VoxEU*](http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/102), March 24. "[Considering QE, Mario? Buy US Bonds, Not Euro Bonds](http://content.ksg.harvard.edu/blog/jeff_frankels_weblog/2014/03/16/considering-qe-mario-buy-us-bonds-not-eurozone-bonds/)" Mar.21. ["Why the ECB Should Buy American,"](http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/jeffrey-frankel-urges-the-ecb-to-buy-us-treasuries-to-expand-the-monetary-base) [*Project Syndicate*](http://www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/jeffrey-frankel)*,* Mar.13, 2014.  
  
"[Panel on the Euro Crisis](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/EuroCrisisCES2014Feb.ppt)," Center for European Studies, Harvard, Feb. 13, 2014.

"[The Future of the Currency Union](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/EuroFutureFRBacademiconsltsmtg2013May.doc)," written for Academic Consultants Meeting, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, May 6, 2013; [slides](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/EuroCrisisFRB-AcadConsMtgMay2013.ppt). [HKS](https://research.hks.harvard.edu/publications/citation.aspx?PubId=9004&type=FN&PersonId=15) [RWP13-015](https://research.hks.harvard.edu/publications/getFile.aspx?Id=936).   
  
 "[Will Europe's Fiscal Compact Work?](http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/will-europe-s-fiscal-compact-work-by-jeffrey-frankel)" [*Project Syndicate*](http://www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/jeffrey-frankel), Jan.18, 2013.   
  
"[Could Eurobonds Help Solve the Euro Crisis?](http://content.ksg.harvard.edu/blog/jeff_frankels_weblog/2012/06/19/might-eurobonds-be-the-answer-to-the-euro-crisis/)" [*Vox*](http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/102), June 2012. “[Which Eurobonds?](http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/which-eurobonds-)" [*Project Syndicate*](http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributor/jeffrey-frankel), June 14, 2012; incl. [*Les Echos*](http://lecercle.lesechos.fr/economistes-project-syndicate/autres-auteurs/221147975/which-eurobonds)*,* Paris, 6/14/12.   
  
"[Sovereign Debt](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/SovereignDebtPanelHLS2012Jun6.ppt)," panel, [IGLP workshop](http://www.harvardiglp.org/iglp-the-workshop/), Harvard Law School, June 6, 2012.

“[Currency Wars: The Euro Crisis & Global Outlook in 2012](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/CurrencyWarsMacquarie2012noappMar.pptx),” Macquarie Securities, Mar.1, 2012.

"[Sovereign Debtors in Distress: Who Is Vulnerable?](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/SovereignDebtorsinDistressCIGI-Ontario.ppt)," conference of CIGI & INET, Feb. 24-26, 2012.  
  
[The Euro, Moral Hazard & the Analogy to 50 US States](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBIGWHi9oEo&feature=youtu.be%20video,)," Harvard, Feb.13, 2012.

"[The Greek Debt Crisis: The ECB's 3 Big Mistakes](http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/6517)," *VoxEU*, May 16, 2012; [Part I](http://content.ksg.harvard.edu/blog/jeff_frankels_weblog/2011/05/12/the-ecb%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s-three-mistakes-in-the-greek-debt-crisis/) & [Part II ](http://content.ksg.harvard.edu/blog/jeff_frankels_weblog/2011/05/16/how-europe-should-treat-sovereign-debt-in-the-future/)blogposts.

"The Euro Crisis and Greece: 5 Mistakes," [slides, Dec.2](http://hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/Eurocrisis2011Dec2MIT.ppt), [MIT](http://hsa.mit.edu/index.php/recent-activities/past-events.html); [Dec.6](http://hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/Eurocrisis2011Dec6Harvard.ppt), 2011, [Harvard](http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hchs/).   
  
"[The Hour of the Technocrats](https://www.project-syndicate.org/blog/the-technocrats--time)" [*Project Syndicate*](http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/frankel12/English)*,* Dec. 4, 2011.  
  
 [“Optimal Currency Areas & Governance", slides](http://hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/INET-EMUOCA-BW-Apr2011.ppt); session on the [Challenge of Europe](http://ineteconomics.org/net/video/playlist/conference/bretton-woods/P) at the [Annual Conference](http://ineteconomics.org/initiatives/conferences/bretton-woods) of George Soros’ [INET](http://ineteconomics.org/about), April 10, 2011; [video](http://ineteconomics.org/net/video/playlist/conference/bretton-woods/P) available, including my [presentation](http://ineteconomics.org/bretton-woods/presentation-prepared-bretton-woods-conference-jeffrey-frankel).

[“Optimal Currency Areas & Governance", slides”](http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/INET-EMUOCA-BW-Apr2011.ppt) the [Challenge of Europe](http://ineteconomics.org/net/video/playlist/conference/bretton-woods/P) a [INET](http://ineteconomics.org/about) [Annual Conference](http://ineteconomics.org/initiatives/conferences/bretton-woods), Apr.10, 2011